![]() If it lets light through, it probably won’t provide much protection, especially if it’s gauzy or gets wet. ![]() To check if an item you already own provides protection, hold it up to a light bulb. ( Can aging be cured? Scientists are giving it a try.) Although most clothing provides more sun protection than going out in bare skin, Brod recommends buying clothes with an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of at least 30. Other options include wearing hats with brims at least four inches wide and wearing sun protective clothing. The most effective strategy is to avoid the sun when it is most intense, typically between 10 a.m. But sunscreen is only one part of a more holistic strategy to prevent harmful sun exposure. Very, says Bruce Brod, a dermatologist at the University of Pennsylvania. National Geographic talked to a range of dermatologists to get the lowdown on everything you need to know about sunblock, from A to Zinc oxide. ![]() He cites not only the depletion of the ozone layer, the part of the Earth’s atmosphere that helps absorb harmful ultraviolet rays, but also the increasing popularity of outdoor activities such as hiking, kayaking, and cycling. I diagnose it every day in my practice,” says Gregory Papadeas, a dermatologist based in Denver. More questions swirl about the benefits of different types of sunscreens and their relative safety for us and the environment. ![]() In the last several decades, skin experts have stopped wondering if we should be wearing sunscreen (that answer is a resounding yes), but how much, when, and under what circumstances. Over time, however, this sun exposure causes premature skin aging and cancers like melanoma. Most of the time, it leads to several hours or days of pain and discomfort. We’ve all felt it: that moment the warmth of the sun’s rays becomes a bit too warm and the reality hits that we’ve got a sunburn. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The default shell is usually Bash but if your machine is set up differently you can run it by opening the Terminal and typing: bash. You may want to keep Terminal in your dock for this workshop. You access Bash from the Terminal (found in /Applications/Utilities). The default shell in all versions of Mac OS X is Bash, so no need to install anything. This installation will provide you with both Git and Bash within the Git Bash program. When the install is complete, click on “Finish”.Select the second option for Use Windows’ default console window and click on “Next”.Leave the selection on “Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line endings” and click on “Next”.If this happens, rerun the installer and select the appropriate option. NOTE: If you forgot to do this, the programs that you need for the workshop will not work properly. Leave the selection on “Git from the command line and also from 3rd party software” and click on “Next”.Run the installer by double-clicking on the downloaded file and by following the steps bellow: Installing Miniconda will help you avoid dependency issues or conflicts when setting up the earth-analytics-python conda environment that you need for the Python lessons on this website. If you already have Anaconda installed on your computer, you can still install Miniconda on your computer (see additional details in the Setup Miniconda section below). You can always add more Python packages as you need them! To limit the time and space needed for installation (and to minimize potential conflicts between packages), you will use the Miniconda Python distribution to get started with only packages that you need to complete the Python lessons on this website. Installation can take up a lot time and space on your computer Installs Anaconda Navigator, Spyder, and many other tools that may not be needed Installs a long, pre-configured list of Python packages (many of which may not be used) You also learned that the conda package manager allows you to install Python packages on your computer as well as create and manage multiple Python environments, each containing different packages.Īlthough the conda package manager can be installed using either the Miniconda Python distribution or the Anaconda Python distribution, there are key differences between the two distributions: Anaconda Git Bash is used by Windows users to access both Git and Bash in one easy-to-install terminal. In the previous lesson, you learned that Git is a widely used tool for version control that allows you to track and manage changes to your files. Information below is adapted from materials developed by Data Carpentry and the Conda documentation. Open a terminal and test that Bash, Git, and Conda are ready for use on your computer.īefore you start this lesson, be sure that you have a computer with internet access.Install the Miniconda Python distribution.After doing this you can restart your shell and conda will be ready to go.At the end of this activity, you will be able to: The following snippet will create a directory to install miniconda into, download the latest python 3 based install script for Linux 64 bit, run the install script, delete the install script, then add a conda initialize to your bash or zsh shell. Installing miniconda on Linux can be a bit tricky the first time you do it completely from the terminal. I still like its environment manager, which installs to a global directory rather than a local directory for your project. These days windows are much better than it was back then at compiling c-extensions. ![]() It made it much easier to install the data science stack on windows a few years ago. It comes with its own environment manager and has eased the install process for many that do not have a way to compile c-extensions. It's a slimmed-down version of their very popular anaconda distribution. Miniconda is a python distribution from continuum. ![]() ![]() On the other hand, rain and thunderstorms can be great opportunities to get the most dramatic scenes the desert has to offer. Sand doesn’t absorb water the same way earth does,” says Ohst. “A place with slot canyons isn’t safe to be in during the rain. Look up a weather report as you plan and when in doubt, err on the side of caution. “It’s usually dark on the way in or out, so if you have a GPS there’s no risk of getting lost.”ĭesert weather can range from extreme heat to flash floods. She also recommends downloading a GPS app so you can mark good compositions while you scout and find your way back to the car. “To get to dunes without footprints in them, you may have to hike in a couple miles, so wear higher hiking boots or gaiters to avoid getting sand in your shoes,” says Ohst. Desert environments lose heat quickly once the sun goes down, so those protective layers can become warming layers at dusk. Even if it’s hot during the day, consider packing a long-sleeved shirt and hat or scarf to protect yourself from the sun and possible high winds. “Bring plenty of water and sunscreen, sunglasses to protect your eyes, and layers for when it gets cold,” says Ohst. It’s vital that you show up prepared, so you can stay safe and comfortable during your photoshoot. Plus, it may take time for conditions to line up just right. “It’s a more minimalist style of photography, which allows you to think outside the box when creating,” says photographer Tiffany Nguyen.ĭesert environments can be harsh and unpredictable, with extreme temperatures and weather conditions. Opportunities for creative compositions abound, if you know what to look for. Desert landscapes are stark and arid, but never barren. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() So, in your books, for the PayPal fees you incurred through science fair sales, keep them in a line item called "PayPal Fees" under the "Science Fair" category. So, when budgeting for the science fair, you should assume that you'll be paying about $3.70 per board, and selling them for $5.00.įor bookkeeping purposes, it is useful to keep the PayPal fees under the program in which they were actually incurred. If you are expecting roughly half of the parents to pay using PayPal (and the other half pay by check), then your cost is about $0.20 extra per board to cover the fees. However, if you are offering PayPal as a payment option, then the cost of each board ends up being a little bit more than $3.50. So, for example, if your organization is selling science fair project boards, you may be purchasing the boards at $3.50 per board from the supplier, and then reselling the boards to the students/parents for $5.00 each. ![]() The one we recommend is to treat the fees as if they are part of the cost of the goods that you are selling. You may need to add the Fees column to display in the report.įrom a Treasurer's perspective, there are different ways you can budget for the fees. To see this, sign in as the Admin, and visit your Orders report or your Order items report. Your Our School Pages website includes reports that show exactly how much was paid in fees, either per order, or per item. In other words, the price of your items must be the same for all visitors, regardless of payment type. That's fine, but you cannot charge extra only for those parents who are paying by PayPal. You may decide you want to increase the price of your items slightly in order to help you cover the fees. Also, some parents may be willing to spend a little bit more money on your site when they know that they can pay with a credit card. Still, it can be worthwhile to offer PayPal because parents appreciate the convenience of being able to pay by credit card online rather than having to write a check and send it in to the school. So, if a visitor on your site purchased $20 worth of goods, and chose to pay using PayPal, then only $19.26 would get deposited into your PayPal account.īecause of the fees, organizations who choose to offer PayPal as a payment option will make less profit than those choosing to only accept checks. PayPal deducts the fees automatically before depositing the funds into your account. So, if you sell multiple items through your website, and your visitor pays for all of them in a single transaction, then your fees will be $0.30 for the entire transaction, plus the appropriate percentage (either 2.9% or 2.2%) of the total transaction amount. ![]() Note that the $0.30 portion of the fee is per transaction, not per item. Some made up examples of transaction amounts and the actual fees that you would pay for those amounts are given below: Description Our School Pages, the provider of your school/PTA website, does not charge any additional fees for handling online payments.
![]() ![]() When we are alone, people may well strive to show us kindness there may be invitations and touching gestures, but it will be hard to escape from a lingering sense of the conditionality of the interest and care on offer. It is hard to know quite what all the fuss around love might be about until and unless one has, somewhere along the way, spent some bitter unwanted passages in one’s own company. There are few greater experts on the importance of love than those who are bereft of anyone to love. Unwittingly, loneliness gives us the most eloquent insights into why love matters so much. We shouldn’t – on top of it all – feel lonely about being lonely. But the pains of loneliness are an unembarrassing and universal possibility. Frequently, we leave the topic of loneliness unmentioned: those without anyone to hold feel shame those with someone (a background degree of) guilt. One way to get a sense of why love should so often be considered close to the meaning of life is to look at the challenges of loneliness. It is time to turn the pursuit of a meaningful life from a comedically-complex impossibility to something we can all comprehend, aim for and succeed at. Our lives almost certainly already have some hugely meaningful sides to them, but we may well not be correctly valuing, understanding or appreciating these. Increasing the amount of meaning in our lives doesn’t have to involve any radical outward moves. The options should provide orientation, enabling us to find our own preferences or – when we dissent – to design alternatives.Īlong the way, we hope to underscore that our lives are more meaningful – and certainly more capable of meaning – than we might initially have supposed. Most are well-known the point isn’t to identify entirely new sources of meaning so much as to try to evoke and explain some familiar choices. It is anchored around a discussion of eight centrally meaningful activities: love, family, work, friendship, culture, politics, nature and philosophy. This book considers a range of options for where meaning might lie for us. We can be relatively far into our lives before we securely identify what lends them their meaning. Whereas pleasure manifests itself immediately, our taste in meaning may be more elusive. – We have to work out, by a process of experience and introspection, what counts as meaningful in our eyes. ![]() What we call ‘crises of meaning’ are generally moments when someone else’s – perhaps very well intentioned – interpretation of what might be meaningful to us runs up against a growing realisation of our divergent tastes and interests. Others cannot be relied upon to determine what will be meaningful to us. – The question of what makes life meaningful has to be answered personally (even if our conclusions are marked by no particular idiosyncrasy). They are those we most highly value and will, from the perspective of our deaths, regret most deeply. – Meaningful activities aren’t necessarily those we do most often. Meaningful activities leave something behind, even when the emotions that once propelled us into them have passed. Projects, relationships, interests and commitments will build up cumulatively. – A meaningful life is bound up with the long-term. We may be leading a meaningful life and yet, really rather often, be in a bad mood (just as we may be having frequent surface fun while living, for the most part, meaninglessly). ![]() – A meaningful life aims not so much at day-to-day contentment as fulfilment. – A meaningful life draws upon, and exercises, a range of our higher capacities, for example, those bound up with tenderness, care, connection, self-understanding, sympathy, intelligence and creativity. This is a guidebook to it.Ī meaningful life is close to, but at points importantly different from, a happy life. A meaningful life can be simple in structure, personal, usable, attractive and familiar. There need be nothing forbidding about the issue. Yet, in truth, the subject is for everyone it is for all of us to wonder about, and define, a meaningful existence. Without always acknowledging it, we are – in the background – operating with a remarkably ungenerous perspective on the meaning of life. It wouldn’t be anything that could orient or illuminate our activities. If ever we did discover the meaning, it would – we suspect – in any case be incomprehensible, perhaps written in Latin or in computer code. ![]() Meaningful lives are for extraordinary people: great saints, artists, scholars, scientists, doctors, activists, explorers, national leaders…. A select few might be equipped to take on the task and discover the answer in their own lives, but such ambition isn’t for most of us. It isn’t anything an ordinary mortal should be doing – or would get very far by doing. To wonder too openly, or intensely, about the meaning of life sounds like a peculiar, ill-fated and unintentionally comedic pastime. ![]() |
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